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BIDANG
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Astronomy
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1.
Relative motion between the Sun, Moon and Earth – day and night,
seasons, lunar phases, solar and lunar eclipses, calendar
2.
Sky – constellations, Bayer’s designation of stars, celestial
coordinates (right ascension, declination), ecliptic plane, precession
3.
Planetary observations – conjunction, opposition, greatest elongation,
albedo
4.
Stellar brightness and colour – brightness, luminosity, colour,
spectral classification
5.
Telescopes – optics and operation of small telescopes, radio
telescopes, space telescopes
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Introduction to Solar System
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1.
Sun – interior, atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere, corona),
sunspots…
2.
Terrestrial plants – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
3.
Outer planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
4.
Dwarf planets
5.
Comets
6.
Asteroids
7.
Satellites
8.
Planetary rings
9.
Space exploration in the solar system
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The Sun is a star
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1.
Nuclear fusion in the solar interior
2.
The birth of the solar system
3.
The concept of color-magnitude diagram (HR diagram)
4.
(All the above do not get involved in stellar evolution.)
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The Earth in
the Universe
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1. The Earth in the solar system
2. The Sun in the Milky Way
3. The Milky Way in the Universe
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Space Science
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1.
Thermosphere, magnetosphere, solar wind
2.
The influence of solar surface activities to the Earth
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Atmosphere
Written Test
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Basics and Energy of the Atmosphere:
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1.
Composition,
2.
history of atmosphere,
3.
pressure,
4.
density,
5.
temperature,
6.
ideal gas law,
7.
vertical layers,
8.
hydrostatic equilibrium,
9.
energy,
10.
heat and sensible heat,
11.
heat transfer, radiation,
12.
solar and terrestrial radiation,
13.
albedo,
14.
energy balance,
15.
the Greenhouse Effect,
16.
seasons,
17.
temperature variation and its controls.
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Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation:
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1.
Water and its three phases,
2.
latent heat,
3.
hydrological cycle,
4.
humidity and its related variables,
5.
saturation,
6.
dew and frost,
7.
cloud condensation nuclei,
8.
fog and its types,
9.
adiabatic
10.
warming/cooling,
11.
clouds(cloud identification and classification, unusual clouds)
12.
atmospheric stability,
13.
inversion,
14.
instability and its causes,
15.
buoyancy,
16.
topographic effect,
17.
thermodynamic diagrams,
18.
precipitation processes,
19.
cloud seeding,
20.
precipitation types and
21.
formation mechanisms.
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Air Pressure and Motion:
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1.
Atmospheric pressure,
2.
weather maps,
3.
Newton’s law of motion,
4.
basic forces acting on the air,
5.
atmospheric motion (wind),
6.
winds produced by balanced forces,
7.
surface winds,
8.
divergence and convergence,
9.
vertical motion,
10.
scales of weather systems,
11.
synoptic-scale systems,
12.
local wind systems (land-sea and mountain-valley breezes),
13.
katabatic winds,
14.
fohn,
15.
small-scale winds,
16.
turbulence and eddies.
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Weather Systems and Patterns:
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1.
Air masses and their classification,
2.
fronts and their types,
3.
upper-air fronts,
4.
jet streams,
5.
polar front theory,
6.
extratropical cyclones,
7.
upper-level waves and surface storms,
8.
tropical cyclones
9.
(hurricanes) and their classification,
10.
mesoscale convective systems,
11.
local thunderstorms,
12.
floods,
13.
cloud electrification and lightning,
14.
tornadoes and the damaging scale,
15.
waterspouts,
16.
convective cells.
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Climate and Climate Change:
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1.
Mean temperature and pressure patterns,
2.
general circulation,
3.
precipitation (rainfall) patterns,
4.
polar front and subtropical jets,
5.
monsoon,
6.
atmosphere-ocean interaction,
7.
ocean currents and
8.
upwelling,
9.
El Niño and the Southern
Oscillation,
10.
climate patterns and classification,
11.
climate
12.
change and its causes,
13.
past climate,
14.
global warming and its consequences,
15.
air pollution and aerosols,
16.
ozone depletion,
17.
acid rain,
18.
climate-related environmental issues.
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Observations, Weather Forecasts, and
Atmospheric Optics:
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1.
Instrument shelter,
2.
thermometers,
3.
barometers,
4.
hygrometers,
5.
psychrometer,
6.
rain gauges,
7.
anemometers,
8.
radiosonde,
9.
dropsonde,
10.
sky conditions,
11.
visibility,
12.
remote-sensing of weather,
13.
satellite and radar observations,
14.
rainfall estimates,
15.
Doppler effect and Doppler radar,
16.
acquisition of weather data,
17.
conventional and unconventional data,
18.
weather maps,
19.
forecasting methods and tools,
20.
uncertainty and predictability, probability forecasts,
21.
reflection,
22.
scattering,
23.
transmission,
24.
refraction,
25.
color of objects,
26.
aurora,
27.
twinkling, twilight,
28.
the green flash,
29.
mirage,
30.
halos,
31.
sundogs,
32.
sun pillars,
33.
rainbows,
34.
coronas.
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Practical Test:
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1.
Use of meteorological instruments and their applications: Thermometer,
barometer, hygrometer, psychrometer, rain gauge, anemometer, and radiosonde.
2.
Weather observations and atmospheric optics: Identification of clouds,
cloud development, sky condition, visibility, and optical phenomena.
3.
Drawing and interpretation of weather maps: stations plots, surface
weather maps, upper-air weather maps.
4.
Interpretation and application of remotely-sensed data: Imageries from
weather satellites, conventional radars, and Doppler radars.
5.
Making forecasts using weather maps and other information provided.
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Hydrospere
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Hydrography
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1. Water temperature 10. Color of sea water
2. Water depth 11. Nutrients in ocean
3. Water density 12. Dissolved oxygen
4. Salinity 13. Light intensity
in ocean
5. Sea level 14. Altimeter
6. Pressure 15. Evaporation
7. T-S diagram 16. Precipitation
8. Mixing layer 17. River runoff
9. Sound velocity in ocean
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Current
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1. Geostrophic current topography
2. Eddy
3. Coriolis force
4. Sea surface dynamic
5. Thermohaline circulation
6. Friction force
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Tide
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1. Semi-diurnal tide 6. Tide-generating force
2. Diurnal tide 7. Low water
3. Neap tide 8. High
water
4. Spring tide 9. tidal range
5. Equilibrium theory of tide
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Wave
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1. Wave height
2. Wave period
3. Wave length
4. Wave speed in shallow water
5. Wave speed in deep water
6. Tsunami
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Geophere
(WRITTEN)
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1.
Mineral & Rocks
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1.
Identification of selected minerals from the list (Appendix 1).
2.
Classification of selected rocks from the list (Appendix 1).
3.
Idenfication of reefal limestones and reef-building organisms.
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2.
Historical geology
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Historical
geology (sedimentology, paleontology, stratigraphy, paleo-global change)
Sedimentary
structure and interpretation, identification of selected fossils from the
list
(Appendix 2), and
geological records in global change
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3.
Principle of plate tectonics and its application.
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4.
Plate tectonics & Seismology
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1.
Crustal deformation and its relation to earthquakes.
2.
Principle of seismology and related calculation.
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5.
Physical Geography
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Physical Geography (geomorphology, climatology,
hydrology, soil geography, major vegetation zones): landform vs. process,
landform vs. geological structures, basic hydrology,
soil development, identification of major soil
types, landscape I dentification, human vs.
environments, and groundwater.
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Geophere
Practical test
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1.
Identification of rocks.
2.
Skills for measuring the strike and dip of the assigned stratum.
3.
Skills for using GPS and reading maps.
4.
Find certain fossils within an assigned area.
5.
Find certain sedimentary and structural features in assigned
localities.
6.
Interpretation of the depositional environment.
7.
Sketch of the morphology and/or plot the cross section of
stratigraphic profile.
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